BioScience & Food Science Research Centre

TITLE: A Review on the Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Properties of Xanthones from Cratoxylum cochinchinense

SOURCE: Journal of Tropical Life Science

SDG: 15

CITATION: Lee, S. Y., MojulatMBC, Jebarani, G., Surugau, N., Sheri Ann Tan, S. W. (2023) A Review on the Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Properties of Xanthones from Cratoxylum. Journal of Tropical Life Science 13(1): 219–230. https://doi: 10.11594/jtls.13.01.20.

ABSTRACT:

Cratoxylum cochinchinenseis a perennial plant found in Southeast Asia, having di-verse terminologies in various Southeast Asian countries. It has been traditionally used as medicine, tea and food spice until today. Its phytochemical analysis reveals a rich array of bioactive compounds in different parts of the plant, specifically xan-thones, which are scientifically determined to be the most abundant secondary me-tabolites in C. cochinchinense. Xanthones do possess numerous beneficial properties and are actively researched to unlock its vast potential. It could be synthesized both biologically and synthetically, where the latter method is gaining much interest among researchers to improve its biological properties. Due to limited compiled re-sources on the biological benefits of xanthones from C. cochinchinense, this paper aims to review their cytotoxic properties specifically towards cancer cells, as well as their antimalarial and antibacterial effects in order to further support the medicinal use of this plant.

TITLE: Fourier Transform Infrared Studies of Gel Polymer Electrolyte Based on Poly (Acrylamide-Co-Acrylic Acid) - Ethylene Carbonate Incorporated with Water-Soluble Sodium Sulfide

SOURCE: Optical Materials

SDG: 7

CITATION: Lee, Y. C., Liew, C. W., Buraidah, M. H., Woo, H. J. (2023) Fourier Transform Infrared Studies of Gel Polymer Electrolyte Based on Poly (Acrylamide-Co-Acrylic Acid) - Ethylene Carbonate Incorporated with Water-Soluble Sodium Sulfide. Optical Materials 140(113791): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2023.113791.

ABSTRACT:

The incorporation of plasticizer to a solid polymer electrolyte have shown high conductivity, good thermal and chemical stabilities, long life and reduced costs. The improved conductivity is mainly contributed by higher ion diffusion coefficient and better ion mobility. However, little is known about the possible molecular interactions between plasticizer, polymer host and salt, particularly in explaining the mechanism pertaining to ion transport in the gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs). A flexible GPE based on poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (PAAm-PAA), ethylene carbonate (EC) and water-soluble sodium sulfide (Na2S) was developed. PAAm-PAA and Na2S are incorporated as the polymer backbone and the source of charge carriers, respectively, and EC acts as the plasticizer of the system. When 0.4 wt% of EC was added to PAAm-PAA-Na2S GPE, the ionic conductivity of polymer electrolytes increased from 5.11 × 10−2 S cm−1 to 6.92 × 10−2 S cm−1. The possible molecular interactions between PAAm-PAA, Na2S and EC and their correlation with ionic conductivity were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Infrared spectroscopy showed that the intensities of the amide (Cdouble bondO, C–N), carboxylate (COO−) and sulfate (SO42−) bands increased with the addition of EC, and the position of the asymmetric bending (v4) of SO42− band down shifted from 677 cm−1 to 667 cm−1. These findings, the changes in shape, intensity, and position of the PAAm-PAA-Na2S-EC GPE, suggest a dipole-dipole interaction between (i) PAAm-PAA and distilled water, (ii) PAAm-PAA and EC and (iii) EC and distilled water. On the other hand, ion-dipoles interactions may occur between (i) Na+ cation and distilled water, (ii) Na+ cation and PAAm-PAA and (iii) Na+ cation and EC. It can be concluded that EC interacts with both PAAm-PAA and Na2S, and EC-Na+ complexes also appear in PAAm-PAA-Na2S-EC GPE. The increase in the conductivity of GPE is attributed to the high ion diffusion coefficient and mobility, which is attributed to the presence of EC.

TITLE: Saffron Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Polyvinyl Alcohol Based Gel Polymer Electrolytes

SOURCE: Optical and Quantum Electronics

SDG: 7

CITATION: Alinejad, M., Buraidah, M. H., Teo, L. P., Arof, A. K. (2023) Saffron Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Polyvinyl Alcohol Based Gel Polymer Electrolytes. Optical and Quantum Electronics 55: 804. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-05078-z.

ABSTRACT:

Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) based on polyvinyl alcohol consist of iodide/triiodide ions have been prepared and tested for safron dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The efect of 4-tert-butylpyridine (TBP) on the GPE and DSSC has been investigated. The room tem perature ionic conductivity of GPEs (with and without TBP) lies in the range of~ 10–3 S/ cm and increases with increasing temperature up to~ 10–2 S/cm at 373 K. Current density– voltage (J–V) characteristics of DSSCs shows that the DSSC fabricated with TBP exhib its the highest short circuit current density of (2.80±0.30) mA/cm2 and power conversion efciency of 0.62%. The lowest series resistance was found in the same cell’s electrical impedance spectroscopy, indicating that electrolyte charge transport dominates in DSSCs. Furthermore, intensity-modulated photocurrent and intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopies were used to evaluate the electron transfer time constant (tr) and electron recombination time (trec) of the constructed DSSCs. The most efcient DSSC (with TBP) has the shortest tr of 0.17 s and the fastest trec of 0.50 s.

TITLE: Commercially Available Textiles as a Scaffolding Platform for Large-Scale Cell Culture

SOURCE: International Journal of Biomaterials

SDG: 7

CITATION: Agarwal, T., Sheri-Ann Tan,, Vuppaladadium, S. S. R., Sajja, T., Maiti, T. K. (2023) Commercially Available Textiles as a Scaffolding Platform for Large-Scale Cell Culture. International Journal of Biomaterials 2023: 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2227509.

ABSTRACT:

The present study outlines the evaluation of textile materials that are currently in the market for cell culture applications. By using normal LaserJet printing techniques, we created the substrates, which were then characterized physicochemically and biologically. In particular, (i) we found that the weave pattern and (ii) the chemical nature of the textiles significantly influenced the behaviour of the cells. Textiles with closely knitted fibers and cell adhesion motifs, exhibited better cell adhesion and proliferation over a period of 7 days. All the substrates supported good viability of cells (>80%). We believe that these aspects make commercially available textiles as a potential candidate for large-scale culture of adherent cells.

TITLE: Electrochemical, Structural and Thermal Studies of Poly (Ethyl Methacrylate) (PEMA) Based Ion Conductor for Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitor Applicationing Platform for Large-Scale Cell Culture

SOURCE: Polymer Bulletin

SDG: 7

CITATION: Yek, S. C., Jun, H. K., Liew, C. W.  (2023) Electrochemical, Structural and Thermal Studies of Poly (Ethyl Methacrylate) (PEMA) Based Ion Conductor for Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitor Application. Polymer Bulletin 80: 9353–9382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-023-04752-2.

ABSTRACT:

Solid polymer electrolyte based on poly (ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) was prepared for electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) application. Incorporation of 50 wt% LiTFSI elevated the ionic conductivity by five orders of magnitude from (4.64 ± 0.01) × 10–11 to (1.22 ± 0.01) × 10–6 S cm−1. The doping of LiTFSI also improved the thermal stability of the polymer electrolyte from 331 to 384 ºC. Moreover, structural information from FTIR suggested that Li+ can interact with oxygen of carbonyl and ester groups of PEMA. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) showed that there is an improvement on the electrochemical stability window from 2.2 to 3.2 V upon addition of 40 and 50 wt% of LiTFSI. Transference number analysis affirmed that ion is the major contributor to the ionic conductivity of the PEMA-LiTFSI polymer electrolyte system. The fabricated PEMA-LiTFSI-based EDLC cell exhibited specific capacitance of 358.1 m F g−1. The energy density and power density of the PEMA-LiTFSI-based EDLC cell were 22.2 mWh kg−1 and 14.0 W kg−1, respectively.

TITLE: Synthesis of Poly(Vinyl Acetate)-Based Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Application in Electric Double Layer Capacitors

SOURCE: Ionics

SDG: 7

CITATION: Yap, A. Y., Phang, S. W., Liew, C. W.  (2023) Synthesis of Poly(Vinyl Acetate)-Based Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Application in Electric Double Layer Capacitors. Ionics 29: 3317–3334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-023-05104-w.

ABSTRACT:

In this work, poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc)-based gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) from precursor solutions containing different volume ratios of vinyl acetate monomer and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMIMTFSI) at a fixed concentration of 0.1 M lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) were synthesized via ex-situ polymerization. The GPE with 35% (v/v) of BMIMTFSI exhibits the highest ionic conductivity of (1.90 ± 0.32) × 10–4 S cm−1 at ambient temperature, with a glass transition temperature (Tg) of -28.01 °C. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) study confirms the complexation and interaction between the BMIMTFSI, LiTFSI, and PVAc. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows a reduction in degree of crystallinity of the polymer matrix upon addition of LiTFSI and BMIMTFSI. Addition of ionic liquid enhances the potential window of the GPEs as shown in linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) study. The specific capacitance of EDLC increases significantly upon addition of BMIMTFSI, along with relatively stable energy and power densities as proven in Galvanostatic Charge–Discharge (GCD) study.

TITLE: Electrical and Optical Properties of Poly(Acrylamide-Co-Acrylic Acid) Based Polymer Electrolytes Containing Water-Soluble Potassium Iodide Salt

SOURCE: Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals

SDG: 7

CITATION: Lee, Y. C., Buraidah, M. H., Woo, H. J.,  Teo, L. P. (2023) Electrical and Optical Properties of Poly(Acrylamide-Co-Acrylic Acid) Based Polymer Electrolytes Containing Water-Soluble Potassium Iodide Salt. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 760(1): 51-59. https://doi.org/10.1080/15421406.2023.2166135.

ABSTRACT:

Poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (PAAm-PAA) based solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) containing potassium iodide (KI) have been prepared. The complexation between PAAm-PAA and KI has been identified through the position changes at the asymmetric NH2 stretching and CH2 stretching; and the intensities changes at the amide (C = O, C-N) and carboxylate (COO-) bands using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. PAAm-PAA film exhibits a room temperature (RT) ionic conductivity of (8.8 ± 0.8) × 10−11 S·cm−1 which increases to maximum at (4.0 ± 0.5) × 10−7 S·cm−1 with 45 wt.% KI addition. The conductivity-temperature dependence studies of all samples followed the Arrhenius rule.

TITLE: Blackberries Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Based Gel Polymer Electrolytes

SOURCE: Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals

SDG: 7

CITATION: Alinejad, M., Buraidah, M. H., Teo, L. P., Arof, A. K. (2023) Blackberries Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Based Gel Polymer Electrolytes. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 761(1): 22-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/15421406.2023.2173844.

ABSTRACT:

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been constructed using fluoride tin oxide (FTO) glass deposited with TiO2 and anthocyanin dye extracted from blackberries as the photoanode, platinum coated cathode, and gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) comprising poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) dissolved in two different solvents, viz., dimethyl formamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). GPE employing DMF solvent exhibits the highest ambient conductivity of 14.05 mS cm−1. Charge transport properties of DSSCs were studied via intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS), intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (IMVS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The highest efficiency of 0.54% is recorded for DSSC with GPE containing DMF and TBP.

TITLE: Sustainable disposal of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) degraded by fungi isolated from Malaysia landfill.

SOURCE: Current Topics in Toxicology

SDG: 11

CITATION: Ong, G. H., Liew, L. M., Joelene K’ng, Z. Y., Wong, K. K., Wong, R. R., Loh, K. E., Noor Arniwati, M. D. (2024) Sustainable disposal of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) degraded by fungi isolated from Malaysia landfill. Current Topics in Toxicology 19(2023): 43–49. https://10.31300/cttx.19.2023.43-49.

ABSTRACT:

The accumulation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has become a major environmental in Malaysia.Disposal of PET in the local landfill has resulted in additional problems, as plastic leachate is known to cause cancer and neurological impairment in humans.Mycoremediation using fungi with vast hyphal network and broader metabolic competence is seen as an eco-friendlier approach to tackle this issue.The objective of this research is to evaluate fungi remediation of PET via the detection of manganese peroxidase and laccase activity.Biodegradation of PET is shown via the enzymatic activity of laccase and manganese peroxidase measured at the wavelength of 450 nm and 610 nm, respectively.Of the 14 species of fungi isolated from the Jeram landfill, only 7 fungal species were able to biodegrade PET to obtain the carbon that supports fungal growth.Only one species, P. janthinellum was able to express relatively high MnP and laccase activity consistently, demonstrating the ability to biodegrade PET.This shows that P. janthinellum has the highest potential to be further developed as an agent to biodegrade PET in an integrated plastic waste management to restore soil pollution.

TITLE: Degradation of Polypropylene Using Fungal Enzyme as A Sustainable Approach to Management Plastic Waste

SOURCE: Malaysian Applied Biology

SDG: 11

CITATION: Ong ,G. H., Wong, K. K., Rowan Diaaeldin, A. H. A., Joelene K’ng, Z. Y., Wong, R. R., Loh, K. E., Tawatchai, T. (2024) Degradation of Polypropylene Using Fungal Enzyme as A Sustainable Approach to Management Plastic Waste. Malaysian Applied Biology 53(2): 93–100. https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v53i2.2819.

ABSTRACT:

Polypropylene (PP) is a major environmental problem in Malaysia because it has been ranked the 28th highest plastic polluter in the world (at 56kg per capita per year) in 2021. Landfilling is one of the most common ways of dealing with plastic because leachate may cause increased probability of cancer and neurological impairment in humans. The use of fungi in mycoremediation makes the process eco-friendly. In addition, fungi have a vast hyphal network and broader metabolic competence. The objective of this study was to investigate fungi remediation of PP via the detection of manganese peroxidase and laccase activity in Bushnell Haas Broth (BHB). PP degradation activity was measured via the activity of laccase and manganese peroxidase at a wavelength of 450nm and 610nm, respectively. Of the 17 species of fungi isolated from the Jeram landfill, 12 species of fungi showed growth in BHB with PP as the sole carbon source. Penicillium sp. 1, Aspergillus sp., Penicillium levitum, Talaromyces louisianensis, Aspergillus tamarii, Cunninghamella bertholletiae, Penicillium sp. 2 and Aspergillus niger demonstrated high and longer laccase activity, and these fungi could be considered as potential fungi. P. levitum, P. janthinellum, Penicillium sp, and T. louisianensis have high and longer MnP activity. In summary, P. levitum and T. louisianensis have a high and long duration of MnP and laccase activity in degrading PP, which can be developed and integrated into plastic waste management.

TITLE: Screening of Native Fungi for Biodegradation of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Plastic in Mangroves Ecosystem

SOURCE: Malaysian Applied Biology

SDG: 13

CITATION: Ong ,G. H., Liew, L. M., Wong, K. K., Wong, R. R., Jayanthi, B., Loh, K. E., Tawatchai, T. (2024) Screening of Native Fungi for Biodegradation of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Plastic in Mangroves Ecosystem. Malaysian Applied Biology 53(6): 97-103. https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v53i6.12.

ABSTRACT:

Accumulation of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic in the environment has become a global issue. A substantial amount of HDPE wastes ends up in the mangroves posing a significant menace to the ecology. Mitigation techniques using mycoremediation to treat the HDPE are gaining ground due to its sustainable approach. This study aims to screen and identify fungi isolated from a mangrove located in Kampung Kuala Lukut, Malaysia, that can degrade HDPE. From this study, eight fungi species were shown able to grow on HDPE as a sole carbon source in a Bushnell-Hass Broth culture. The identity of these isolates was confirmed using morphological observation and molecular identification using ITS1 and ITS4 primers. The ability of these eight fungi species to degrade plastic was assessed based on the percentage of weight loss of HDPE and the increment of fungal biomass. Results from this study show Aspergillus niger has the highest biomass increment, but Leptobacillium sp. shows the highest percentage of weight loss of HDPE. Thus, Leptobacillium sp. has the best potential to be developed as an efficient agent to degrade HDPE in an integrated plastic waste management system.

TITLE: Exploring the Potential of Nyonya Kuih Residues as the Substrate for Yeast Cell Protein Production

SOURCE: Sains Malaysiana

SDG: 12

CITATION: Tang, P. L., Wong, W. H. (2024) Exploring the Potential of Nyonya Kuih Residues as the Substrate for Yeast Cell Protein Production. Sains Malaysiana 53(10): 3383–3394. http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5310-12.

ABSTRACT:

Nyonya kuih, a popular Malaysian traditional cuisine that have short shelf life due to their high moisture and fat contents. The unsold kuihs usually ended up as food residue. Thus, kuih talam (KT) and kuih lapis (KL), two varieties of Nyonya kuih were chosen as the investigative substrates to explore the recycling potential of this food residue. Initially, the effect of fat content on the enzymatic hydrolysability of the residues to release fermentable sugar was investigated. The efficiency of lipase-pretreatment (LP), polyvinylpyrrolidone-post-treatment (PVP) and their combination in lipid removal was determined. Then, the potential of the resulting glucose-rich hydrolysates for Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cell biomass production was assessed, with molasses as the positive control. Results indicated that combined LP and PVP (LP-PVP) significantly (p<0.05) reduced crude fat content, while increasing the total sugar content of KT and KL hydrolysates by approximately 3.4 and 26.3 times, respectively. Yeast cell biomass produced from KT and KL hydrolysates were increased by 23% and 39%, respectively after LP-PVP treatment. Despite the yeast cells’ yield (by dry cell weight) from molasses fermentation being 19% and 11% higher than those from KT and KL hydrolysates, respectively, KT and KL hydrolysates were proven superior due to the significantly higher (p<0.05) crude protein content in yeast cell produced from both hydrolysates. Further study is needed to enhance yeast cell yield from the fermentation of KT and KL hydrolysates, thereby improving the overall protein yield from the fermentation process. This study provides new insight into a novel food residue recycle strategy, promoting sustainable food production aligned with SDG 12.

TITLE: Exploring the Potential of Nyonya Kuih Residues as the Substrate for Yeast Cell Protein Production

SOURCE: Sains Malaysiana

SDG: 12

CITATION: Pei Ling Tang, Wei Herng Wong (2024) Exploring the Potential of Nyonya Kuih Residues as the Substrate for Yeast Cell Protein Production. Sains Malaysiana 53(10): 3383–3394. http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5310-12.

ABSTRACT:

Nyonya kuih, a popular Malaysian traditional cuisine that have short shelf life due to their high moisture and fat contents. The unsold kuihs usually ended up as food residue. Thus, kuih talam (KT) and kuih lapis (KL), two varieties of Nyonya kuih were chosen as the investigative substrates to explore the recycling potential of this food residue. Initially, the effect of fat content on the enzymatic hydrolysability of the residues to release fermentable sugar was investigated. The efficiency of lipase-pretreatment (LP), polyvinylpyrrolidone-post-treatment (PVP) and their combination in lipid removal was determined. Then, the potential of the resulting glucose-rich hydrolysates for Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cell biomass production was assessed, with molasses as the positive control. Results indicated that combined LP and PVP (LP-PVP) significantly (p<0.05) reduced crude fat content, while increasing the total sugar content of KT and KL hydrolysates by approximately 3.4 and 26.3 times, respectively. Yeast cell biomass produced from KT and KL hydrolysates were increased by 23% and 39%, respectively after LP-PVP treatment. Despite the yeast cells’ yield (by dry cell weight) from molasses fermentation being 19% and 11% higher than those from KT and KL hydrolysates, respectively, KT and KL hydrolysates were proven superior due to the significantly higher (p<0.05) crude protein content in yeast cell produced from both hydrolysates. Further study is needed to enhance yeast cell yield from the fermentation of KT and KL hydrolysates, thereby improving the overall protein yield from the fermentation process. This study provides new insight into a novel food residue recycle strategy, promoting sustainable food production aligned with SDG 12.

TITLE: Body Image Dissatisfaction and Disordered Eating Behaviors in Chinese Female Undergraduate Students: The Mediating Role of Emotional Regulation Strategies

SOURCE: Journal of Eating Disorders

SDG: 3, 12

CITATION: Danli He, Harvinder Kaur Gilcharan Singh, Masoumeh Alavi, Hui Chin Koo, Muhamad Nur Fariduddin, Lei Hum Wee, Ching Sin Siau (2025) Body Image Dissatisfaction and Disordered Eating Behaviors in Chinese Female Undergraduate Students: The Mediating Role of Emotional Regulation Strategies. Journal of Eating Disorders 13(104): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-025-01287-x.

ABSTRACT:

Background: Female undergraduates are a high-risk population for body image dissatisfaction and eating disorder symptomatology. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction and disordered eating behaviors, as well as to examine the mediating roles of two emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) on the relationship between body image dissatisfaction and disordered eating behaviors among female undergraduate students in China.

Methods: A total of 1756 Chinese female students, with a mean age of 19.8 years (SD = 1.5), were included in the study. Participants completed an online survey comprising items related to body image dissatisfaction, emotion regulation, and disordered eating behaviors. Covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) technique was employed, with the hypothesized parallel mediation model tested using 10,000 bootstrap samples.

Results: More than half of the participants (60.5%, n = 1063) reported body image dissatisfaction and demonstrated high levels of disordered eating behaviors, including uncontrolled eating (52.5%, n = 922), emotional eating (54.0%, n = 948), and cognitive restraint (57.4%, n = 1008). Cognitive reappraisal partially mediated the associations between body image dissatisfaction and uncontrolled eating (b = 0.047, 95% CI [0.035, 0.061]), emotional eating (b = 0.047, 95% CI [0.035, 0.062]), and cognitive restraint (b = 0.040, 95% CI [0.029, 0.055]). Expressive suppression also showed partial mediating effects in these associations: uncontrolled eating (b = 0.055, 95% CI [0.042, 0.072]), emotional eating (b = 0.053, 95% CI [0.040, 0.070]), and cognitive restraint (b = 0.053, 95% CI [0.038, 0.069]). Further, there were direct effects of body image dissatisfaction on uncontrolled eating (b = 0.165, 95% CI [0.125, 0.205]), emotional eating (b = 0.183, 95% CI [0.140, 0.226]), and cognitive restraint (b = 0.196, 95% CI [0.153, 0.240]).

Conclusions: This study found that both cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression partially mediated the relationship between body image dissatisfaction and disordered eating behaviors, underscoring the importance of targeting emotion regulation strategies in prevention and early intervention efforts among Chinese female undergraduates. 

TITLE: Combined Effects of Pretreatment and Type of Protease on the Chemical and Bioactive Properties of Edible Bird's Nest Glycopeptides

SOURCE: Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization

SDG: 3, 12

CITATION: Chin Huan Ng, Pei Ling Tang, Yien Yien Ong (2025) Combined Effects of Pretreatment and Type of Protease on the Chemical and Bioactive Properties of Edible Bird's Nest Glycopeptides. Journal of Eating Disorders 19: 6568–6583. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-025-03421-4.

ABSTRACT:

Edible bird’s nest (EBN), rich in glycoproteins, is valued for its nutritional content. Broken EBN pieces contaminated with fine feathers are often discarded. This study examines the combined effects of different pretreatments (boiling, ultrasound, autoclave) and proteases (Alcalase®, Flavourzyme®, Neutrase®, papain) on the chemical and bioactive properties of EBN hydrolysate (EBNH). Initially, 4%(w/v) of EBN underwent boiling, ultrasound, and autoclave treatments, with untreated EBN as the control. Pretreated EBN was then hydrolysed using Alcalase®, Flavourzyme®, Neutrase®, papain. The effects on EBNHs were evaluated based on viscosity, degree of hydrolysis (DH), total soluble protein (TSP), total free sialic acid (TSA), FTIR, and bioactivities (ABTS, FRAP, anti-lipoxygenase activities). Boiling was the most efficient pretreatment, resulting in EBNH with the highest DH (2.5–2.7%), TSP (11–13 mg/mL), ABTS activity (43–57%), anti-lipoxygenase activity (78–82%), and low viscosity (< 2.0 mPa.s). EBNHs from boiled EBN hydrolysed with Neutrase® exhibited the most prominent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study suggests combining boiling with Neutrase® hydrolysis for optimal EBNH bioactive properties, emphasizing the need to tailor enzymatic processes to enhance EBNH functionality.

TITLE: Mechanistic Insights into the Diuretic Activity of Sugarcane Leaf Extract Using Untargeted Metabolomics and Bioinformatics

SOURCE: Frontiers in Plant Science

SDG: 3, 12

CITATION: Xianglong Pan, Erwei Hao, Jinling Xie, Pei Ling Tang, Juan Wen, Zhengcai Du, Jiagang Deng, Xiaotao Hou (2025) Mechanistic Insights into the Diuretic Activity of Sugarcane Leaf Extract Using Untargeted Metabolomics and Bioinformatics. Frontiers in Plant Science 16(1652526): 1 - 21. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1652526.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction: Sugarcane leaf (Poaceae) is a widely cultivated herbaceous plant in the tropical regions of southern China. Traditional Yao medicine has utilized its significant diuretic effects for the treatment of edema-related diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms of its diuretic activity remain unclear. Methods: This study aims to elucidate the potential mechanisms of the diuretic activity of sugarcane leaf extract using untargeted metabolomics, network pharmacology, and molecular dynamics simulations. Results and discussion: A water-loaded rat model was established to assess diuresis, and sugarcane leaf extract markedly increased urinary excretion of Na+, Cl-, and other ions. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS) identified ten absorbed constituents in rat serum after sugarcane leaf extract administration. Untargeted metabolomics revealed ten endogenous differential metabolites and two key metabolic pathways modulated by sugarcane leaf extract. Network pharmacology uncovered 63 overlapping targets, among which AKT1, IL-6, TNF, STAT3, and EGFR were pinpointed as core targets implicated in the diuretic response. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations confirmed strong binding affinities between these core targets and five absorbed sugarcane leaf extract constituents. The alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism pathway was highlighted as pivotal for sugarcane leaf extract-induced diuresis. Collectively, this study has elucidated the diuretic mechanism of sugarcane leaf extract, providing a scientific basis for its clinical application and the development of novel diuretic agents.

TITLE: Association between Chrononutrition, Sleep Behaviours, and Glycaemic Outcomes in Individuals with Prediabetes: Findings from the Chrono-DMTM Study

SOURCE: Chronobiology International

SDG: 3, 11, 17

CITATION: Guey Yong Chong, Satvinder Kaur, Ruzita Abd Talib, See Ling Loy, Hui Yin Tan, Rosmiza Binti Abdullah, Hanisah Binti Mahmud, Woan Yie Siah, Lay Kim Tan, Chee Cheong Kee, Hui Chin Koo (2025) Association between Chrononutrition, Sleep Behaviours, and Glycaemic Outcomes in Individuals with Prediabetes: Findings from the Chrono-DMTM Study. Chronobiology International 42(10): 1328 - 1340. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2025.2543298.

ABSTRACT:

Little is known about the associations between chrononutrition and sleep behaviours with glycaemic responses. Hence, this study aimed to examine the associations between chrononutrition, sleep behaviours and glycaemic outcomes among adults with prediabetes. This was a cross-sectional study within a prospective longitudinal study in Malaysia. Data on chrononutrition, sleep behaviours and sleep quality were collected using the Malay translated Chrononutrition Profile Questionnaire, Munich Chronotype Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Questionnaire respectively. Anthropometric measurements, body composition assessments and glycaemic measurements were obtained for all participants. Regression models were conducted to explore the associations between chrononutrition, sleep behaviours and glycaemic outcomes. A total of 142 participants with mean age of 54 ± 17 years were recruited. Consuming the first meal after 10.00 am was associated with lower odds of elevated glycaemic outcome (HbA1c ≥ 5.7%) (OR: 0.300, 95% CI: 0.107, 0.841), while having the last meal after 8.00 pm was associated with higher odds of HbA1c ≥ 5.7% (OR: 2.650, 95% CI: 1.125, 6.241). Furthermore, fasting blood glucose was positively associated with extended sleep time (β: 0.101; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.201), while higher 2-h postprandial glucose level was significantly associated with poorer sleep quality (β: 0.093; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.186). These findings demonstrate a positive association between chrononutrition, characterized by delayed meal times, and elevated HbA1c levels in individuals with prediabetes. Furthermore, extended sleep time and poor sleep quality are associated with adverse glycaemic outcomes. These results imply that postponing meal and sleep times may exacerbate glycaemic control. Therefore, further longitudinal and interventional studies are warranted to validate these findings and support the dietary guidelines. Clinicaltrial.gov trial.

TITLE: Research Progress on Extraction, Isolation, Purification, Structure Characterization, and Bioactivities of Polysaccharides from Sugarcane Leaves and Bagasse

SOURCE: Science and Technology of Food Industry

SDG: 12

CITATION: LU Jinhua, YUAN Qingxia, YANG Zhenzhen, HUANG Chunxiu, Pei Ling Tang, LI Zheng, LIAO Yaowen, ZHANG Jian, ZHAO Longyan, HOU Xiaotao , DENG Jiagang (2025) Research Progress on Extraction, Isolation, Purification, Structure Characterization, and Bioactivities of Polysaccharides from Sugarcane Leaves and Bagasse. Ionics 46(14): 458 - 472. https://doi.org/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024090025.

ABSTRACT:

The leaves and bagasse of sugarcane, an important food and economically significant crop, are recognized as two major residues. These materials are abundant in resources and rich in bioactive compounds, and their significant potential for the development of functional foods and health products is acknowledged. Polysaccharides are recognized as the main active components of sugarcane leaves and bagasse. Extraction is performed using traditional techniques with water and alkaline solutions as solvents, as well as auxiliary methods such as enzymatic, ultrasonic, microwave, and high-temperature-high-pressure extraction, which are based on the traditional techniques. Among these, the disruption of the lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) is recognized as key to improving polysaccharide extraction efficiency. Sugarcane leaves and bagasse are mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and water-soluble polysaccharides. Cellulose is mainly composed of β-glucans possessing a β-1,4-glucose main chain, and hemicellulose is generally composed of xylan with a β-1,4-xylopyranose main chain. The structures of water-soluble polysaccharides are considered more complex, being composed of various monosaccharides, such as mannose, glucose, galactose, and arabinose, along with various glycosidic linkages. Sugarcane leaves and bagasse polysaccharides are known to possess rich biological activities, including antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-tumor, diabetes-improving, anti-cardiovascular disease, immune-regulating and gastric-protective effects. They are considered to have great application potential in the fields of food, health products, and medicine. Although the physicochemical properties and activities of polysaccharides from sugarcane leaves and bagasse have been extensively studied, further investigation is warranted regarding their structural elucidation, structure-activity relationships, and underlying mechanisms. Building upon a comprehensive review of relevant literature, this paper systematically summarizes recent advances in these areas. The current status of polysaccharide modification and application is also briefly analyzed, with the aim of providing a useful reference for further research and development of these polysaccharides.

TITLE: Exploring the Association of Sleep Profiles With Plasma Glycaemic Outcomes and 24-h Interstitial Glucose Levels in Adults With Prediabetes: Findings From Chrono-DM Study

SOURCE: Journal of Sleep Research

SDG: 2, 3, 4, 12

CITATION: Guey Yong Chong, Satvinder Kaur, Ruzita Abd Talib, See Ling Loy, Hui Yin Tan, Rosmiza Binti Abdullah, Hanisah Binti Mahmud, Woan Yie Siah, Chee Cheong Kee, Hui Chin Koo (2025) Exploring the Association of Sleep Profiles With Plasma Glycaemic Outcomes and 24-h Interstitial Glucose Levels in Adults With Prediabetes: Findings From Chrono-DM Study. Journal of Sleep Research e70218: 1 - 16. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.70218.

ABSTRACT:

Sleep profiles, including chronotype, sleep duration and sleep-wake time, may affect glycaemic outcomes. However, their associations with plasma glycaemic outcomes and 24-h interstitial glucose levels in individuals with prediabetes remains ambiguous. This study aimed to examine the association between sleep profiles and glycaemic outcomes in adults with prediabetes. Chronotype was assessed using the Malay-translated Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. Glycaemic outcomes, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial glucose (2hPPG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and 24-h glucose profiles derived from seven-day continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Generalised linear models and generalised estimating equations were used and adjusting for potential confounders. A total of 120 participants (mean age: 54 ± 15 years) were categorised as morning (18.4%), intermediate (60.8%) or evening (20.8%) chronotypes. Evening chronotypes demonstrated greater weekday-weekend discrepancy in awake time (0.7 h [±1.1 h]), indicating higher social jet lag. Each additional hour of jet lag in awake time was associated with a 0.28 mmol/L reduction in 2hPPG levels (95% CI: -0.49, -0.08), reflecting compensatory catch-up sleep on weekends. Longer sleep time was positively associated more time spent within the target glucose range (3.9-7.8 mmol/L) (β: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.06, 1.10), while evening chronotype showed higher 24-h mean glucose levels (β: 0.65 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.22, 1.12). Evening chronotype and shorter sleep duration were associated with adverse glycaemic outcomes, while the unexpected inverse association between awake-time jet lag and 2hPPG may reflect short-term catch-up sleep rather than a protective effect. These findings highlight the importance of addressing sleep regularity in lifestyle interventions for prediabetes management.

TITLE: A Longitudinal Study: Later Chronotype with Poor Sleeping Habit Are Associated with Poor Glycemia Measures and Body Composition in Prediabetic Individuals

SOURCE: Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

SDG: 3, 4, 12

CITATION: Hui Chin Koo, GueyYong Chong, Satvinder Kaur, Ruzita Abd Talib, See Ling Loy, Hui Yin Tan, Rosmiza Binti Abdullah. Hanisah Binti Mahmud, Woan Vie Siah, Chee Cheong Kee, Lay Kim Tan (2025) A Longitudinal Study: Later Chronotype with Poor Sleeping Habit Are Associated with Poor Glycemia Measures and Body Composition in Prediabetic Individuals. Diabetes & Metabolism Journal 49(Suppl1): 61. 

ABSTRACT:

Objective: Although many cross-sectional studies have shown an association between chronotype and metabolic health, the long-term nature of this relationship remains unclear, especially among individuals with pre-diabetes. To address this limitation in current research, our longitudinal study explored how different chronotypes are associated with changes in glycemia measures and body composition in adults at risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Methods: A longitudinal study design was employed, incorporating three time points (3-month interval). A total of 120 adults with prediabetes, who has undergone the conventional dietary counselling, were recruited from healthcare clinics in Malacca. Body composition parameters (weight, height, body mass index, and waist circumference, total body fat percentage, fat free mass, fat mass, muscle mass, total body water, bone mass, visceral fat) were measured. Glycemia outcomes were evaluated using FPG, 2HPP and HbA1c. Participants also completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSOI) and Munich Chronotype Questionnaire.

Results: A majority of them were intermediate chronotype (61%). HbA1c was elevated (β: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.42) among the evening chronotype, after adjusting for socio-demographic, lifestyle factors and dietary intake. The results indicated a trend toward shorter sleep duration (6.5±2.1 vs 6.2±1.5 hours) and increased social jetlag in wake time (0.3±0.1 hours vs -1.9±0.7 hours) over the study period. After six-months, adjusted regression analyses revealed a significant positive association between sleep midpoint and weight (kg) (β: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.82). Additionally, each additional hour of wake time (on a 24-h clock) was significantly associated with a reduction in fat-free mass (β: -0.89, 95% CI: -1.29, -0.49).

Conclusion: This study reveals significant associations between chronotype, particulary sleep-wake patterns and body composition in individuals with prediabetes. A later chronotype is associated with higher glycemia measures. These findings underscore the pivotal role of circadian rhythms in preventing metabolic disorders and support the integration of chrono-behavioral strategies into diabetes interventions.

TITLE: Feeding round the clock: A novel perspective from the Chrono­ DM™ study to explore chrononutrition and its association with glycaemic outcomes in Malaysian adults with prediabetes

SOURCE: Conference: 39th Scientific Conference: Strategic Alliance to Combat Malnutrition: Whole of Government, Whole of Society Approach

SDG: 2, 3, 12

CITATION: Chong Guey Yonq, Satvinder Kaur, Ruzita Abd Talib, Loy See Ling, Tan Hui Yin, Rosmiza Binti Abdulla, Hanisah Binti Mahmud, Siah Woan Yie, Tan Lay Kim, Kee Chee Cheong, Koo Hui Chin (2024) Feeding round the clock: A novel perspective from the Chrono­ DM™ study to explore chrononutrition and its association with glycaemic outcomes in Malaysian adults with prediabetes. Conference: 39th Scientific Conference: Strategic Alliance to Combat Malnutrition: Whole of Government, Whole of Society Approach: 58. 

ABSTRACT:

Introduction: Chrononutrition, focusing on the timing of food intake, is an evolving field of research with significant implications on human health. Yet, the optimal timing for glycaemic control remains uncertain. This study aimed to explore the association between chrononutrition and glycaemic outcomes in Malaysian adults with prediabetes. Methods: This prospective longitudinal study recruited a total of 120 individuals with prediabetes in Malacca healthcare clinics, with the mean age of 54 ± 18 years. Sociodemographic data, anthropometric measurements, body composition, 3-day dietary record and light exposure (Harvard light exposure questionnaire) were collected. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial glucose (2hPPG) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)) and ambulatory glucose profile through continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) were obtained. Participants were categorized as two groups based on solar time: daytime eaters (eating within 0700h and 1900h) and non-daytime eaters (eating beyond 0700h and 1900h). Results: Of the participants, 83% were non-daytime eaters, while 17% were categorized as daytime eaters. For CGM measures, non-daytime eaters significantly contributed to higher glucose management index (mmol/mol)(β: 2.52, 95% CI: 1.10, 3.93), and higher overall mean glucose level across 24-hour (mmol/L) with 3-day dietary compliance (β: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.99). These associations persisted after adjusting for socio-demographic, lifestyle factors, macronutrients, and energy intake. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the detrimental impact of eating outside the time frame of 0700h to 1900h on glycaemic outcomes among individuals with prediabetes. These findings reinforce the importance of meal timing in metabolic regulation and calls for proactive measures from policymakers and health authorities to integrate this knowledge into public health strategies. Funding: The researchers appreciated the Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia for providing support under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2021/SKK06/TARUC/02/1).

TTITLE: Development and Quality Evaluation of Cookies Made with Freeze-Dried Egg White Powder

SOURCE: Conference Proceedings KLIAFP14

SDG: 3, 12

CITATION: Tan Kar Men and Thed Swee Tee (2025) Development and Quality Evaluation of Cookies Made with Freeze-Dried Egg White Powder. Conference Proceedings KLIAFP14: 199 - 203. 

ABSTRACT:

Egg white powder (EWP) provides complete protein and convenience by eliminating the need for yolk separation, making it practical for both commercial and home use. EWP retains the functional properties of egg white, enhances food safety and shelf life due to its low water activity. This study aimed to develop cat-tongue cookies (Langue-dechat) using EWP. EWP was prepared by freeze-drying at -57°C for 48 hrs. The control cookies were prepared by using fresh liquid egg white, all-purpose flour, unsalted butter, and sugar. In Formulation 1 (F1) and Formulation 2 (F2), fresh liquid egg white was replaced with EWP. EWP was reconstituted in water to give 12.5% and 25% concentration for F1 and F2 samples, respectively. Proximate analysis and sensory evaluation were performed on the cookies. F2 cookies contained 51.12% carbohydrate, 29.02% fat, 13.26% protein, 3.41% dietary fiber, 2.34% moisture, and 0.85% ashes. With 13.26% protein, F2 cookies met the criteria for high protein nutritional claim. The F2 cookies scored 6.68 out of 7 in overall acceptability, and had the highest acceptance index of 95%, followed by F1 (87%) and the control (74%). Additionally, the F2 cookies had an appealing golden yellow color (L*=53.13, a*=11.65, b*=29.20), and desired crunchiness.

TITLE: Scoping Review: Exploring the Relationship between Chrononutrition and Glycemic Responses in the Adult Population

SOURCE: CPSR Newsletter

SDG: 3, 12

CITATION: Satvinder Kaur, Loy See Ling, Tan Hui Yin, Chong Livy, Ruzita Abd Talib, Rosmiza Binti Abdullah, Hanisah Binti Mahmud, Siah Woan Yie, Tan Lay Kim, Kee Chee Cheong, Koo Hui Chin (2025) Scoping Review: Exploring the Relationship between Chrononutrition and Glycemic Responses in the Adult Population. CPSR Newsletter 2: 6 - 7. 

ABSTRACT:

Chrononutrition, the study of how meal timing interacts with biological rhythms, is increasingly recognized for its role in glycemic regulation. However, inconsistencies in study protocols have led to mixed findings. This project aimed to systematically assess the existing literature on the association between chrononutrition factors—including meal timing, meal regularity, and fasting duration—and glycemic responses in adults. A comprehensive search across six major databases identified 49 eligible studies published since 2012. The review followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines and assessed study quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Findings revealed that late-night eating and frequent snacking were associated with poorer glycemic control, including elevated fasting glucose and HbA1c levels. Skipping breakfast appeared to negatively influence glycemic responses, though the impact on insulin regulation remained inconclusive. While restricted eating windows and extended night fasting durations showed potential benefits, more longitudinal and interventional studies are needed to establish causal relationships. This review highlights the importance of meal timing in metabolic health and diabetes prevention. The findings provide a foundation for future research and may inform public health strategies and clinical guidelines to optimize dietary timing for better glycemic control.